English Unlimited HTL 2, Schulbuch mit Audio-CD und CD-ROM

140 Grammar reference and practice 5 The family had /were having lunch when the police arrived /were arriving. 6 The last time I saw/was seeing Joanna, she lived /was living in Paris. 7 I first met /was meeting my girlfriend when I stood /was standing at a bus stop. 8 My aunt and uncle worked /were working abroad when they had /were having their first child. Adverbs MEANING Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and sentences. They tell us how, where, when, how often or to what extent something happens, or about the speaker’s attitude (= the way the speaker views what happens). Carefully, outside, soon, frequently, extremely and fortunately are examples of adverbs. He drove the car carefully through the heavy rain. (how) Her car was parked outside . (where) Manuel soon got better. (when) They frequently update their website. (how often) The questions were extremely difficult. (to what extent) Fortunately , there was nothing wrong with her neck. (how the speaker feels about the situation) English has a certain number of basic adverbs such as always , fast , often , outside , soon , well , etc. But most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective: sad ly , slow ly , frequent ly . FORM Adjective Spelling rule Examples ending in a vowel and -l + -ly beautiful ly , thankful ly ending in -y -y Æ + -ily happ ily , luck ily ending in -ic + -ally dramatic ally , fantastic ally ending in -le -e Æ + -y incredibl y , gentl y ending in -e + -ly extreme ly , sincere ly Note: If an adjective ends in -ly ( e. g. friendly, lovely, ugly ), use a paraphrase instead. in a friendly way Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form (e.g. early, likely, fast, hard) . We had an early lunch. (adjective) We got up early . (adverb) PRACTICE Complete the sentences using adverbs formed from the adjectives in the box. surprising immediate perfect bad colourful relative heavy comfortable early acrobatic 10 I thought the food would be expensive, but it was … cheap. 1 Ian didn’t go out because it was raining … . 2 Joanne fell during practice and hurt herself quite … . 3 Everyone at the party was … dressed. 4 The final exams were … easy. 5 Suzy loved her red top; it fitted her … . 6 Tottenham’s centre forward managed to … head the ball into the back of the net. 7 Rick’s flight to London leaves very … tomorrow. 8 Are you sitting … ? Then we’ll begin. 9 Please, send the invoice … . Unit 5 will, might, may You can use will to say you are sure about something in the future. In 2050, 70% of people around the world will live in cities. (future) But you can also use will to talk about now, or about things in general. A: Shall I phone Irina? B: No, call her later. She ’ll be at work now. (now) I work with a really good team. If you have a problem, they ’ll always try to help. (in general) You can use will with other words to show that you are more or less sure. Brazil will definitely win the next World Cup. Brazil will win. Brazil will probably win. Maybe / Perhaps Brazil will win. You can use both might and may to say you’re not sure about something. A: Shall we have a barbecue tomorrow? B: I’m not sure. It might / may rain. (future) A: Where’s Irina? B: I don’t know. She might / may be in a meeting. (now) A: Where’s Lagos? B: I don’t know. I think it might / may be in Nigeria. (in general) May is a little more formal than might . May is more common in formal kinds of writing, but might is more common in everyday speech. There is an important difference between might / may and can . The supermarket might / may be crowded on Saturday. (I’m not sure if it will be crowded on Saturday.) The supermarket can be crowded on Saturday. (I’m sure it is sometimes crowded on Saturday.) MEANING Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv