English Unlimited HTL 3, Schulbuch mit Audio-CD und CD-ROM

157 Grammar reference and practice You usually use present perfect progressive with ‘long-action’ verbs, for example: try , play , rain , learn … I ’ve been learning English for a long time. Some verbs are not usually used in progressive forms. They are sometimes called ‘state’ verbs because they are used to talk about states rather than actions. They are e.g. verbs referring to: thoughts ( believe, know, remember, understand , etc.) emotions ( like, love, hate, prefer, etc.) senses ( see, hear, smell, taste, etc.) ownership ( have, own, possess, etc.) FORM Present perfect simple: have / has + past participle I ’ve just begun putting together the presentation. Present perfect progressive: have / has + been + -ing She ’s been playing tennis for an hour now. PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or progressive of the verb in brackets. 1 I (play) tennis all afternoon and I’m exhausted. 2 I (have) two bars of chocolate today. I feel really guilty. 3 I (look) for a birthday present for Carolina, but I can’t seem to find anything. 4 We (decorate) the front room and the kitchen. We just need to do the bathroom now. 5 I (work) on this project for two months. 6 I (finish) the presentation. Do you want to have a look? 7 I (learn) English for three years now, and I still can’t have a conversation. Unit 5 Verb + -ing MEANING and FORM Some verbs can be followed by the -ing form. I tried calling you but you were out. Have you considered moving home? These verbs are often followed by -ing : admit, adore, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, detest, dislike, dread, enjoy, (can / can’t) face, fancy, feel like, finish, give up, hate, can’t help, keep, like, love, miss, recall, can’t stand, suggest, think about PRACTICE 1a Complete these sentences with your own ideas. 1 I dislike … 2 I finished … last year. 3 I enjoy … 4 I’ve never considered … 5 I really want to give up … 1b Talk about your sentences together. Unit 6 Modals of deduction and speculation MEANING You can use must to say that you are sure about something. Must is only used in this way in affirmative sentences. In negative sentences you use can’t to say you’re sure something is impossible. That must be Laura. She’s coming round for coffee. She can’t be here yet. She just texted me from school. Might and could are both used to say that you’re not sure about something, but it’s a possibility. That could be my taxi. It’s come really quickly. My exam results might arrive today. I’m really nervous. FORM must / might / could / can’t + infinitive without to Sure That must be Laura. Not sure That might / could be Laura. Sure That can’t be Laura. PRACTICE Complete the sentences with must , might or can’t . 1 This coffee be yours. I asked for tea. 2 There be a direct train soon. The timetable says there are four every hour. 3 This be our bus. It isn’t due for another 20 minutes. 4 That be the postman. Will you go and check? 5 A: Is this your file? There’s no name in it. B: It be mine. My name’s on the cover. 6 A: Which way shall we go? Left or right? B: It doesn’t make much difference. Left be a bit quicker. 10 I try and avoid … but … 6 I fancy … right now. 7 I can’t stand … 8 I really can’t face … 9 I miss … Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv