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38 Our changing world 03 LANGUAGE SKILLS EXPLORE EXTRAS Work in two groups. Group A, look on p. 191. Group B, look on p. 195. Discuss the questions. Tell the class about the family’s diet. Imagine a photo of your family’s food for one week. Make notes about what it might show. Work in pairs. Describe your ‘photo’ to each other. a SPEaKIng 17 b a 18 b You are going to read an article describing how eating habits have changed in the world. What do you think it will say about these topics? In pairs, say a sentence about each topic.   new technologies   seasonal food   malnutrition   convenience food   processed food   obesity Read the article and check. a 20 b Nutrition transition Rescued because they were too fat Fire ghters across Northern Ireland have been called out to rescue scores of obese people who could only be moved using specialist li ing equipment Nutrition transition Everyone eats. People around the world differ in many ways, but dinner unites us all. Throughout history, we humans have always found nourishing ways to use whatever food we could lay our hands on. The earliest diets were hunted and gathered from the foods that were available as a result of geography and climate. But as soon as people figured out how to trade foods, they did. The current diets of most world populations have moved well beyond hunting and gathering. They have (1) evolved in response to changes in food production that began with the Industrial Revolution some 200 years ago. New means of preservation allow foods to be eaten long after they are grown and harvested (hence ketchup). New means of transportation – railroads, trucks and airplanes (as well as technologies such as refrigeration) – mean that foods grown in one place can be consumed ‘fresh’ many thousands of miles away. Thus, even in some place as remote as Bhutan, people eat oranges, surely grown well beyond the Himalayas. New processing technologies allow companies to make shelf-stable food products that can be transported and consumed much later (like pasta). New technologies have permitted the development of previously unknown food products like instant coffee and Cheez Whiz. New marketing methods can create worldwide demand for such products (chief among them, the almost ubiquitous Coca-Cola). Another trend becomes apparent. As conflicts resolve and people in developing countries become better off, they acquire more stable resources and (2) change the way they eat. They inevitably (3) replace the grains and beans in their diets with foods obtained from animal sources. They buy more meat, more sweet foods and more processed foods: they eat more meals prepared by others. Soon they eat more food in general. They start gaining weight, become overweight, then (4) develop heart disease, diabetes, and the other chronic diseases so common in industrialised societies. Here we have the great irony of modern nutrition: at a time when hundreds of millions of people do not have enough to eat, hundreds of millions more are eating too much and are What impression do you get from these news headlines? Discuss in class. REaDIng 19 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv