English Unlimited HTL 4/5, Schulbuch mit Audio-CD und CD-ROM

47 Work, work, work 04 LANGUAGE SKILLS EXPLORE EXTRAS Read the article again. Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). Write down the first four words of the sentence which supports your decision. T F 1 Before the Industrial Revolution, people worked predominantly in farming. 2 Urban areas expanded because of the migration of workers. 3 Technological advances and new means of transport impacted negatively on production and distribution. 4 Industrial workers accepted the bad working conditions because they were tolerant. 5 Growing unemployment in manufacturing was made worse when companies started to shift production to cheap-labour countries. 6 Automation led to job losses in production while the rate of employment in service industries rose. 7 The present knowledge economy would be impossible without digitalisation. 8 The nature of knowledge work will only affect peopleʼs workplaces. Mini research project . Research the distribution of jobs in the different economic sectors in Austria. If possible, compare the job distribution in the first half of the 20th century and now. Illustrate your findings with two pie charts and create a poster to use in your presentation. 3 SPEaKIng 4 lines or in steel factories, while the ‘captains of industry’– people like Rockefeller and Carnegie – were amassing enormous personal fortunes.  In most industries, workdays averaged ten hours and the working week more than sixty. Industrial workers had to tolerate the situation because there were plenty of unemployed ready to take their place. Reforms and improvements only occurred thanks to the work of trade unions, which organised workers and staged protests.  Manufacturing, mining and engineering pro- vided employment for millions of people well into the 20th century. In the second half of the 20th century, however, the rise of automation led to a decline in the number of jobs in the manufacturing sector and to growing unemployment. The job crisis in the manufacturing industry in advanced economies was aggravated by another new development, the offshoring of manufacturing jobs to low-cost countries (mainly to Southeast Asia).  As a result of this development, there was another job shift: from the secondary to the tertiary or service sector. People now worked in offices, at computers managing e-business – tasks made possible by the internet – in fast food chains, beauty salons and fitness centres inside shopping centres.  While this age is usually referred to as ‘the post- industrial society’, the management expert Peter Drucker coined the term ‘the knowledge society’ for it. Over 80% of new jobs created between 1998 and 2006 involved knowledge work like problem- solving and developing corporate strategy. The knowledge society is characterised by human capital and technological innovation. A spin-off from the information age based on digitisedmedia, the knowledge economy relies on know-how and expertise as much as on other economic resources. Whereas manual workers worked with their hands and produced tangible goods, knowledge workers work with their brain and produce knowledge, ideas and information.  Bound neither to the field nor to the factory, knowledge work can be done irrespective of time and place. This fact will not only revolutionise the workplace but also increasingly blur the line be- tween working life and personal life. Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eig ntum des Verlags öbv