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29 Global issues 02 LANGUAGE SKILLS EXPLORE LOOK AGAIN EXTRAS Health facts and figures Although there have been vast improvements in people’s health since the 1950s, there are still many problem areas that need to be addressed.  Worldwide one billion people lack access to healthcare systems.  The worldwide number one killer is the group of cardio vascular diseases (CVDs). Almost two thirds of the estimated 56 million deaths a year are caused by non-communicable diseases like CVDs.  Each year, over 7 million children under the age of 5 die of malnutrition and predominantly preventable diseases like measles despite the fact that immunisation costs less than $1 and a vaccine has been available for over 40 years.  According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) far more people die of infectious diseases every year than in the natural or man-made catastrophes that make the headlines.  Among infectious diseases, the most lethal is AIDS /HIV, which is spreading rapidly with almost 3 million new infections and over 2 million deaths per year. There are around 35 million people living with HIV.  The number of AIDS related deaths is almost matched by casualties from tuberculosis and pneumococcal infections.  Finally, Malaria accounts for almost 1 million deaths worldwide every year.  The WHO has repeatedly pointed out that many of the diseases above are ‘diseases of poverty’, which means that millions of people die needlessly each year.  In stark contrast to poverty-related diseases, but by no means limited to wealthier countries, is obesity. The number of overweight people around the world is now rivalling the number of people starving , with similar negative consequences for individuals and society as a whole. Look at the highlighted words in the text and match them with 1–8. 1 victim 5 obese 2 deadly 6 illness 3 contagious 7 suffering from hunger 4 avoidable 8 inoculation Situation: During your exchange year at a British school, there is a Health Awareness event at which you have agreed to give a presentation. Individual long turn (4–5 minutes): You have been asked to present global health problems. Read the fact file above and use the information in your presentation. You should:   list the most frequent diseases.   describe some of their causes.   discuss how they could be prevented. Interaction (8–10 minutes): After your talk, there is a general discussion about the problem of obesity, which is considered a global health issue threatening individuals and societies alike. You should:   list various causes (think of nutrition and lifestyle, the food industry)   describe its negative effects (on individuals and society / on the economy).   discuss possible solutions. b 30 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eige tum des Verlags öbv