112 Unit 07 | For science! Read the texts about different ways of fighting global warming. Choose the correct texts (A–E) for each question (1–10). You can use a text more than once. Write your answers in the boxes provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. READING 23 Solutions to climate change Changing our ways of using and producing electricity is important for limiting climate change. But many of the most effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions do not involve energy generation. Here are five of numerous other suggestions made by Project Drawdown – a climate change mitigation project. A Reduced food waste A third of the food raised or prepared does not make it from farm or factory to fork but is responsible for roughly eight percent of global emissions. In places where income is low, wastage is generally unintentional and occurs early in the supply chain: food rots on farms or spoils during storage. Here, improving infrastructure for storage, processing and transportation is essential. In regions of higher income, wilful food waste dominates farther along the supply chain: retailers and consumers reject food based on bruises and colouring, or simply buy too much. Major interventions such as national food-waste targets and policies can encourage widespread change. Beyond addressing emissions, these efforts can also help to meet future food demand. B Educating girls Education lays a foundation for vibrant lives for girls and women, their families and their communities. It’s also one of the most powerful levers available for avoiding emissions by curbing population growth. Women with more years of education have fewer and healthier children and actively manage their reproductive health. Education also equips women to face the impacts of climate change, so they can be more effective stewards of food, soil, trees and water. Today, there are economic, cultural and safety-related barriers that impede 62 million girls around the world from realising their right to education. Key strategies to change include making school affordable, helping girls overcome health barriers, reducing the time to get to school and making schools more girl-friendly. C Plant-rich diets Shifting to a diet rich in plants is a demand-side solution to global warming that runs counter to the meat-centric Western diet on the rise globally. That diet comes with a steep climate price tag: one fifth of global emissions. If cattle were their own nation, they would be the world’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases. Therefore, making the transition to a plant-based diet may be the most effective way an individual can stop climate change. Bringing about dietary change is not simple or fast because eating is profoundly personal and cultural, but promising strategies abound. Plant-based options must be available, visible and enticing, including highquality meat substitutes. Also critical: ending price-distorting government subsidies, such as those benefiting the US livestock industry, so that the prices of animal protein more accurately reflect their true cost. D Refrigerant management Every refrigerator and air conditioner contains chemical refrigerants that absorb and release heat to enable chilling. Refrigerants, specifically CFCs and HCFCs, were once culprits in depleting the ozone layer. Thanks to the 1987 Montreal Protocol, they have been phased out. HFCs, the primary replacement, spare the ozone layer but have 1,000 to 9,000 times greater capacity to warm the atmosphere than carbon dioxide. Because 90 percent of refrigerant emissions happen at end of life, effective disposal of those currently in circulation is essential. After being carefully removed and stored, refrigerants can be purified for reuse or transformed into other chemicals that do not cause warming. Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des V rl gs öbv
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy ODE3MDE=