151 Read the text about how people learn best. Some words are missing. Complete the text by writing one word for each gap (1–11) in the spaces provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. LANGUAGE IN USE 3 Learning styles When it comes to assembling furniture at home, I am a step-by-step kind of girl. I read the instructions from (0) to finish, and then reread and complete each step. My husband, on the other hand, prefers to study the diagrams and then jump right in. This preference for one approach over another (1) learning new information is not uncommon. Indeed, the idea that people learn in (2) ways is such a pervasive belief in American culture that there is a large industry working to identify learning styles and training teachers to (3) the needs of different learners. Just because an idea is popular, however, doesn’t make it true. A recent review of the scientific literature on learning styles found little (4) to support the idea that results are best when instructional techniques fit the individuals’ learning styles. In fact, there are several studies that argue (5) this belief. It is clear that people have a strong sense of (6) own learning preferences (e.g. visual or kinesthetic), but it is less clear that they matter. Fortunately, cognitive science has identified a number of methods to (7) learning, and these techniques have fairly universal benefit. Students are more successful when they space out their study sessions over time, test themselves on the material as (8) of their study practices, and make meaningful connections with knowledge they already have. These effective strategies (9) identified decades ago and have convincing empirical support. Why, then, do we continue in our belief that learning styles matter and ignore these tried and true techniques? The belief in learning styles may come in part from the appeal of finding out what ‘type of person’ you are, along with the (10) to be treated as an individual within the education system. In contrast, the idea that universal strategies (11) improve learning for all contradicts the idea that we are unique, individual learners. In addition, most empiricallysupported techniques involve planning and significant effort, and, let’s face it, we don’t want to work that hard. 0 start 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 (3) Which verb collocates with ‘needs’? (4) What are scientists looking for when testing an idea? It must be uncountable. (5) Look at the context before and after the gap. Do the studies argue for or …? (9) You need an auxiliary verb to complete the passive voice in the sentence. Help Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des V rlags öbv
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy ODE3MDE=