Maturatraining Lucy Bauer | Eva Holleis | Sue Ireland | Waltraud Wanke AUDIOS www.oebv.at QuickMedia App für Audios und Videos
way2go! Maturatraining Schulbuchnummer: 200200 Mit Bescheid des Bundesministeriums für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung vom 10. August 2020, GZ BMBWF5.018/0021-Präs/14/2019, gemäß § 14 Absatz 2 und 5 des Schulunterrichtsgesetzes, BGBl. Nr. 472/86, und gemäß den derzeit geltenden Lehrplänen als für den Unterrichtsgebrauch für die 8. Klasse an allgemein bildenden höheren Schulen – Oberstufe im Unterrichtsgegenstand Englisch (erste lebende Fremdsprache) (Lehrplan 2018) geeignet erklärt. Dieses Werk wurde auf der Grundlage eines zielorientierten Lehrplans verfasst. Konkretisierung, Gewichtung und Umsetzung der Inhalte erfolgen durch die Lehrerinnen und Lehrer. Liebe Schülerin, lieber Schüler, Sie bekommen dieses Schulbuch von der Republik Österreich für Ihre Ausbildung. Bücher helfen nicht nur beim Lernen, sondern sind auch Freunde fürs Leben. Kopierverbot Wir weisen darauf hin, dass das Kopieren zum Schulgebrauch aus diesem Buch verboten ist – § 42 Abs. 6 Urheberrechtsgesetz: „Die Befugnis zur Vervielfältigung zum eigenen Schulgebrauch gilt nicht für Werke, die ihrer Beschaffenheit und Bezeichnung nach zum Schul- oder Unterrichtsgebrauch bestimmt sind.“ Umschlagbild: © mauritius images/Travelscape Images/Alamy Illustrationen: Mag. Adam Silye 1. Auflage (Druck 0003) © Österreichischer Bundesverlag Schulbuch GmbH & Co. KG, Wien 2021 www.oebv.at Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Jede Art der Vervielfältigung, auch auszugsweise, gesetzlich verboten. Schulbuchvergütung/Bildrechte: © Bildrecht GmbH/Wien Redaktion: Mag. Heike Böhringer, Wien Herstellung: Raphael Hamann, MSc, Wien Umschlaggestaltung: Mag. Adam Silye, Wien Layout: Mag. Adam Silye, Wien Satz: Mag. Adam Silye, Wien Druck: Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H, Horn ISBN 978-3-209-09211-3 (way2go! MT) 1. Den QR-Code scannen und die App aufs Smartphone oder Tablet laden 2. Buchumschlag scannen oder das Schulbuch in der App-Medienliste auswählen 3. Eine mit gekennzeichnete Buchseite scannen oder ein Audio/Video aus der Medienliste wählen und abspielen QuickMedia App Android iOS Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
www.oebv.at Lucy Bauer | Eva Holleis | Sue Ireland | Waltraud Wanke Maturatraining Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
2 Reading 3 Tips and tricks ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Multiple matching (sentence parts): When does tourism become unethical? .......................................................................................... 4 Multiple matching (texts): Great sci-fi stories ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Four-word answers: How the plane got off the ground .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Four-word sentence completion: What to wear to work .............................................................................................................................................. 10 True/False/Justification: The origins of the gym . ................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Multiple choice: In other words ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Listening 16 Tips and tricks ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Multiple matching (sentence halves): Taskers ...................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Multiple choice: A former footballer ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Multiple matching (speakers): Saving the planet.............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Four-word answers: Rewilding ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Four-word sentence completion: The drinkable book .................................................................................................................................................... 22 Language in use 23 Tips and tricks ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Multiple choice: Easy targets ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Banked gap-fill: Jumbo ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Open gap-fill: Biscuits .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 Word formation: Put to the test ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Editing: Robinson Crusoe .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Writing 30 Improving lexical and structural range ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Improving accuracy ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 34 Working on text-type-specific challenges ................................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Working on articles ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 39 Working on essays .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Working on blogs ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45 Working on emails .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Working on reports ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 49 Speaking 51 Working on individual long turns ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Practising individual long turns ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58 Working on and practising paired activities .......................................................................................................................................................................... 61 Contents Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
3 Reading D General tips Before reading the text, it’s important to study the questions thoroughly. As you read them, highlight important information, such as dates, places or names. Consider the title of the text and the picture accompanying it. They help you to quickly get an idea of what the text will be about. Highlight the sentences in the text where you’ve found information on a question so you can check your answers quickly when you’re done. The questions are always in the order the information occurs in the text. If you have found the answers to questions 1 and 3, for example, the answer to question 2 must be somewhere in between. Never leave a question unanswered. Answer every question, even if that means guessing. Multiple matching (with sentence parts or paragraphs/texts) (MM) Cross out the options you’ve used. The task gets easier the more parts you’ve matched correctly. If you’re asked to match parts of sentences, pay attention to their grammatical structure as well as the content. Not all beginnings will be possible matches for all endings. Only fill in answers you’re sure of. Picking a wrong option could lead to another mistake elsewhere. If you’re unsure, write down all the possible options and decide at the end. Multiple choice (MC) There is always only one correct answer to each question. If you aren’t sure about the answer to a question, eliminate the options you know are wrong and then take a guess. True/False/Justification (T/F/J) The text will always give you information on each statement. A statement is considered ‘false’ if the text gives you different information on it. You must use the first four words of the sentence that gives you the information. This one sentence should include all the information necessary to answer the question. A new sentence starts after a full stop. A word is everything between two spaces. Justify your answer for both true and false statements. Four-word sentence completion/Four-word answers (4W) If the text gives you more than one possible answer, write down only one of them. Never write answers like “he likes food/cars”. Words or phrases as you find them in the text will not always function properly as answers or sentence completions, you might have to rephrase them. Never write more than four words. No matter how good your answer is, it will still be wrong. Don’t worry too much about spelling or grammar, your answer only has to be clear. Tips and tricks You can find the answer key to all tasks online. Go to www.oebv.at and type in this code: g55m3g. Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
4 Reading Read the text about one aspect of tourism today. Some parts are missing. Choose the correct part (A–M) for each gap (1–10). There are two extra parts that you should not use. Write your answers in the boxes provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. 1 Multiple matching (sentence parts) When does tourism become unethical? As humans, we move. We travel; we always have. (0) ; we migrated from Africa thousands of years ago, walking out of the savannah to the rest of the world. (1) of the Western world’s fastest-growing industries. We leave home to climb mountains and trek through rainforests, to dance in Cuba, swim the Hellespont, barter in a souk or lie on a beach. In his book The Art of Travel, the philosopher Alain de Botton contemplates the underlying reasons for travel. (2) , he says, for he believes that “there are inner transitions we can’t properly cement without a change of locations.” Change is also a key motivator in the mind of the late travel writer Bruce Chatwin. “Change of fashion, food, love and landscape,” he wrote. “We need them as the air we breathe.” (3) , for pleasure, for enlightenment; to ease the tedium of daily routine and satisfy the imaginings of curious minds. We travel to shake up our souls and to placate an atavistic restlessness within us. Ernesto Che Guevara thought that we simply “travel just to travel.” (4) ; travellers now have the opportunity to roam further, higher and wilder than before. This means that they risk coming into contact with remote indigenous communities, for the world’s remote corners – the green depths of the Amazon basin or the highlands of West Papua – are often the lands and homes of tribal peoples. Their homelands sustain them physically and spiritually, and they understand them intimately. The Yanomami people who live deep in the Brazilian Amazon know the streams and rapids of the rainforest in the same way the Inuit understand the sea-ice of the Canadian Arctic. And this is where the problems with this kind of travel start because it can simply be dangerous for both tourists and little-contacted tribal peoples to meet. (5) and tourists can transmit infectious diseases to which little-contacted peoples have no immunity. Curiosity in other cultures is natural. (6) by travelling with ethically-run eco-tourism companies. But the line between ethical and non-ethical is extremely fine. So where does it lie? Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
5 (7) visiting tribal peoples who have been in routine contact with outsiders for some time. But as natural social sensitivity and respect would dictate, this only applies to tribal peoples who are happy to receive visitors, have proper control over where the tourists go and what they do in their communities, and receive a fair share of the profits. More often than not, however, only the tiniest proportion of tourism’s profits – if any – go to recompensing the tribe; there are very few enterprises that genuinely bring benefits. (8) and involve small, well-managed and lowimpact tours. (9) very carefully about the long-term effects on tribal peoples, not the fleeting thrill of the experience or the glory of the story once back home. (10) in international law, and should be respected regardless of whether the national government applies the law or not. So when in tribal lands, tourists should behave as they would on any other private property. It goes – or should go – without saying that tribal peoples have the same basic human rights as everyone else, which must be upheld. A Adventure travel is tourism’s recent offspring B These are not very environmentally friendly C To gain perspective is one D Journeying is hard-wired in the human psyche E These are often run by tribal peoples themselves F Tribes are likely to react with hostility towards outsiders G For example, tribal peoples’ ownership of the lands they use and occupy is recognised H In principle, there is little harm in tourists I In fact, ethical tourist companies operating in remote regions have rights and even J So we travel for knowledge K Tourists can, at times, even help L Travellers thinking of visiting tribal areas need to think M Today, tourism is still one 012345678910 D Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
6 Reading Read the extracts from Chris’s list of favourite classic science fiction stories. Choose the correct texts (A–F) for each statement (1–11). You can use a text more than once. Write your answers in the boxes provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. 2 Multiple matching (texts) Great sci-fi stories A I like character-driven stories, light-hearted humor and a twist that sneaks up on you, and science fiction author William Tenn delivered truly wicked humor and characterization in Time in Advance. It is the story of a man who’s about to commit a lethal crime. Far from being a dark story of a vicious criminal secretly planning a covert murder, Tenn’s tale takes a light approach. In this world, society views the crime as perfectly legal, if something of a novelty. The hero is aiming to commit a vile crime, and not only is nobody about to stop him, his criminal intentions make him a celebrity. B Nightfall, published first in Astounding Science Fiction in 1941, is a classic science fiction short story, no doubt about it. Asimov made it into a novel, too. I haven’t read the novel. But this story really is mind-blowing. Devastating. But in a good way. It’s not the writing. Nightfall is easy and enjoyable to read. But typical of Isaac Asimov, the writing is not as tight as it could be, and the dialogue wanders a bit. It’s a tad long for what it is. The characters, though well-defined, lack that spark that would make them truly likable. But all that doesn’t matter. Because the ending is really unexpected – or it was, for me – and has a mind-blowing effect. C Me – I’m a sucker for time travel. The kind of time travel many critics scoff at as clichéd. Time travel in which the attempt to break the second law of thermodynamics and betray nature’s linear preference causes a shocking paradox. Time travel used as a vehicle to teach bad people the good lesson that enterprise driven by self-serving greed has a price. It’s trite. It’s old-fashioned. But gee. That’s a good story. And that’s what’s missing from today’s fiction. The 1943 piece The Time Locker is creative, and funny, and it’s one of the very best. Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
7 D Though the story’s disturbing premise – that a servile android-robot could turn on its human superiors and commit murder – was probably radical at the time, without Bester’s way with words, Fondly Fahrenheit wouldn’t have become the classic science fiction short story that it is today, still cited as one of the best sci-fi stories ever. E By His Bootstraps is another time travel story. I didn’t like the main character. Heinlein’s characters just don’t do it for me. But at least this story is about a character, and not a society that doesn’t seem real (which is one of my complaints about Heinlein’s stories). Reading the story is pure fun. The paradoxical logic was terribly clever. And as the story unfolded, it became obvious that it was perhaps the best time travel story I’d ever read. As a bonus, it’s re-readable, despite the fact that the ending is not exactly forgettable. It’s like re-reading an Agatha Christie novel. You remember whodunnit, but you want to see how you were tricked. F Pipeline to Pluto is a highly detailed and convincing tale of space travel. The story describes a prosaic world of blue-collar transportation – freight, in fact. Like much Golden Age science fiction, the story, told through fast-paced narrative and dialogue, isn’t concerned with conveying a political viewpoint or defending a special interest group. It’s concerned with ideas: the concepts, possibilities, and ironies of a newly technological world unfolding for human beings possessed of universal flaws and compromised value systems. 01234567891011 B According to Chris, this story/these stories … later appeared in a different form. 0 has something in common with another author’s work. 1 shows wrongdoing being regarded as acceptable behaviour. 2 became famous mainly due to the author’s good use of language. 3 has a quality rarely to be found in contemporary works of this kind. 4 is about advanced technology getting out of control. 5 is more enjoyable than others written by the same author. 6 develop in a way that is satisfyingly surprising. 7 8 deals with concepts that are often found in classic science fiction stories. 9 fail to satisfy him completely in some respects. 10 11 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
8 Reading Read the text about the early years of flight. Answer the questions (1–8) using a maximum of 4 words. Write your answers in the spaces provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. 3 Four-word answers How the plane got off the ground The honor is indisputably theirs: Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first powered, sustained, controlled, heavier-than-air flights at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina on December 17, 1903. But even though they had succeeded, the Wrights recognized that they had a considerable distance to go before they could claim to have developed a practical flying machine. So they continued their work in a Dayton cow pasture in 1904 and 1905. By the fall of 1905, they had transformed the marginal success of 1903 into the reality of a practical airplane capable of traveling many miles through the air and remaining aloft for more than an hour at a time. The Wrights worried about being copied, though. Unwilling to unveil their creation without the protection of a patent and a signed sales contract, the brothers remained on the ground for the next two and a half years as they attempted to market their invention. So it was that as 1908 dawned, almost no one realized that the age of winged flight had been under way for more than four years. That was about to change. With contracts for the sale of airplanes to a French syndicate and the U.S. Army finally in hand, the Wrights were ready to take to the air once again that spring. They returned to the Kill Devil Hills with a rebuilt version of their 1905 airplane – now modified with upright seating and controls, and a second seat for a passenger. On May 14, 1908, Wilbur and Orville alternated taking Charles Furnas, one of their mechanics, up as the world’s first airplane passenger. The excitement peaked on August 8, 1908, when Wilbur Wright made his first flight in public at the Hunaudières race course, five miles south of Le Mans, France. Over the next several weeks he made headlines around the world with one stunning flight after another – demonstrating once and for all that the Wrights’ claim to priority in the invention of the airplane was true (there had been skeptics), and that their airplanes were capable of tight turns and a degree of control impossible with other machines. Orville Wright joined his brother in the limelight on September 3, 1908, when he made his first public flight at Fort Myer. Like Wilbur, he continued to fly over the next two weeks, carrying passengers and meeting criteria Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
9 established by the Army for the purchase of an airplane. Tragedy struck on September 17, when Orville crashed at Fort Myer while flying with Selfridge, who became the first person to die in a powered airplane crash. Orville recovered, but lived with the pain resulting from the accident for the rest of his life. The momentous year was far from over. On October 16, the American Samuel Franklin Cowdery (aka S.F. Cody) made the first flight in Great Britain. Once Orville Wright was back on his feet, he and his sister Katharine joined their brother in Europe. The three Wrights were now the toast of the continent. Crowned heads, political leaders, captains of industry and ordinary folk traveled to witness the miracle of flight. Wilbur capped this extraordinary year with a flight of more than 76 miles in 2 hours 18 minutes 33 ths seconds on December 31, which earned him the Michelin Cup and a 20,000-franc cash prize for the best flight of 1908. By year’s end, no skeptic doubted that the age of flight had arrived, and that the Wrights were leading the way. 0 What did the Wrights manage to do between 1903 and 1905? develop a practical plane 1 Towards the end of 1905, what did the Wrights suspect might happen if they continued flying? 2 Why did the Wrights feel prepared to fly in 1908? 3 What made it possible for Furnas to fly with Wilbur in the 1908 plane? 4 Why was the event near Le Mans so special? 5 In what way were the Wrights’ planes superior to other planes? (Give one answer.) 6 What was the important thing about Orville’s flights as far as one particular institution was concerned? 7 Why did people of all kinds come together in the autumn of 1908? 8 What was the outcome of Wilbur’s achievement at the end of 1908? (Give one answer.) Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
64 Acknowledgements Texts 4/5 https://www.survivalinternational.org/articles/3197-human-safaris-when-does-tourism-becomeunethical; 6/7 Chris Telden, ’10 Best Science Fiction Short Stories of All Time: From the Golden Age to the Modern Era’, HobbyLark, 15 November 2019, https://hobbylark.com/fandoms/Best-Science-FictionShort-Story (slightly adapted); 8/9 Tom Crouch, ‘1908: The Year the Airplane Went Public’, airspacemag.com, 28 August 2008, https://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/1908-the-year-the-airplane-went-public8791602/ (slightly adapted); 10/11 The Economist, Print edition, 4 May 2019, https://www.economist.com/ business/2019/05/02/struggling-with-style (slightly adapted); 12/13 Magda Origjanska, ‘The history of the gymnasium: from a school for naked exercise to wellness empire’, 1 December 2017, https://www. thevintagenews.com/2017/12/01/history-of-the-gymnasium-2/; 14/15 The Economist, Print edition, 12 May 2018, https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2018/05/10/to-master-a-language-start-learning-it-early (slightly adapted); 24 Shelley Metcalfe, ‘Online advertising: Why we need to educate young people’, The Digital Life Skills Company, 29 January 2019, https://www.digitallifeskills.org.uk/spotting_advertsing_ online_educate_young_people/ Pictures 4 FG Trade / Getty Images; 6 Colourbox.com; 8 peterspiro / Getty Images; 10 PeopleImages / Getty Images; 12 CasarsaGuru / Getty Images; 14 btrenkel / iStockphoto.com; 17 Ingram Publishing / Thinkstock; 18 MEVVerlag, Germany; 20 rrodrickbeiler / Getty Images; 21 RobChristiaans / Thinkstock; 22 Riccardo Lennart Niels Mayer / Thinkstock; 24 oneblink-cj / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 26 denis_pc / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 27 nimis69 / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 28 Hemera Technologies - AbleStock.com / Thinkstock; 29 Library of Congress / Everett Collection / picturedesk.com; 31 Capuski / Getty Images; 33 Okea / iStockphoto.com; 35.1 4x6 / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 35.2 herraez / Getty Images; 36 jevelin / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 37 sturti / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 39 Tom Mc Nemar / Fotolia; 40 sturti / iStockphoto.com; 41 kali9 / Getty Images; 42 a_namenko / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 43 Ruth Black / Fotolia; 46 Natalya Aleksakhina / Thinkstock; 50 DGLimages / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 51.1 deimagine / Getty Images; 51.2 John McPherson / Cartoonstock; 52.1 PeopleImages / Getty Images; 52.2 TerryJ / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 53 FluxFactory / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 56.1 John McPherson / Cartoonstock; 56.2 Evgeniy Kuznetsov / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 58.1 deimagine / Getty Images; 58.2 pierivb / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 58.3 icehotel.com / Action Press / picturedesk.com; 60.1 JackF / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 60.2 vitranc / Getty Images; 62 PIKSEL / Getty Images - iStockphoto; 63 AaronAmat / Getty Images - iStockphoto Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
Die Autorinnen danken Andreas Kaplan und dem Maturajahrgang 2020 des BG/BRG Stainach für die erteilte Erlaubnis, Ausschnitte aus ihren schriftlichen Arbeiten im Kapitel Writing zu verwenden. Hinweis: Sämtliche Audio-Dateien sowie die Transcripts und Lösungen zu allen Aufgaben sind auf www.oebv.at verfügbar. Verwenden Sie den Code p7fp8s, um zu den Audio-Dateien zu gelangen und den Code g55m3g für die Lösungen und Transcripts. o � Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
Das Maturatraining zu way2go! bietet die optimale Vorbereitung auf die schriftliche und mündliche Reifeprüfung in Englisch. Aufgabenstellungen zu Reading, Listening und Language in use in den aktuellen Formaten der standardisierten Reifeprüfung Tipps, Übungen und Aufgabenstellungen zu Writing und Speaking – unter Berücksichtigung der neuesten Empfehlungen für die mündliche Matura Sämtliche Hördateien sowie die Transcripts und Lösungen online jederzeit verfügbar way2go! MT Schulbuchnummer 200200 ISBN 978-3-209-09211-3 www.oebv.at ISBN 978-3-209-09211-3
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