In Fragen können Sie ever (= jemals in Ihrem Leben) verwenden. Have you ever been to France? Form Das Present Perfect wird mit have / has + Past participle (Partizip Perfekt, 3. Form des Verbs) gebildet. I, you, we, they he, she, it I’ve seen all the James Bond films. We haven’t met Frank. We’ve never met Frank. Have they been to Spain? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. She’s visited more than twenty countries. He hasn’t been to Japan. He’s never been to Japan. Has she met Frank? Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. Kurzformen I’ve = I have you’ve = you have we’ve = we have they’ve = they have he’s = he has she’s = she has it’s = it has haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not Die meisten Past participles sind regelmäßig und enden mit -ed. In diesen Fällen ist das Past participle mit der Verbform im Past Simple identisch. Einige Past participles sind unregelmäßig, haben aber die gleiche Form wie das Past Simple. Manche Past participles sind unregelmäßig und haben eine andere Form als das Past Simple. Diese Verben enden oftmals mit -n. Das Verb go besitzt zwei Past participles: been und gone. He’s been to India. (= He went to India and he came back.) He’s gone to India. (= He went to India and he’s in India now.) 1 Zu den Past participles, siehe Irregular Verbs auf S. 178. like / liked smoke / smoked visit / visited buy / bought have / had meet / met eat / ate / eaten do / did / done see / saw / seen Practice 1 a Make questions with the present perfect. 1 you / go to India? 2 you / meet someone famous? 3 you / have a holiday abroad? 4 you / swim in the sea? 5 you / read a book more than once? 6 you / learn a foreign language apart from English? 7 your country / win the football world cup? 8 you / ride a motorbike? 9 you / do karate or judo? 10 you / be on a ship? 1 b Ask and answer the questions above in pairs. 2 Circle the correct verb in the present perfect or the past simple. 1 Have you seen / Did you see Stefan at the party last night? 2 She ’s been / She went to Paris six times, and now she wants to go again. 3 I ’ve left / I left primary school about five years ago. 4 Where have you been / were you last night? 5 The first modern Olympics have been / were in Greece in 1896. 6 The modern Olympics have been / were in Greece twice. 7 My brother’s a journalist. He ’s visited / He visited a lot of countries. 8 My great-grandfather was a journalist. He ’s visited / He visited a lot of countries in the 1890s. 9 I never had / have never smoked . 10 I started / have started school when I was five. Past perfect Bedeutung Wenn wir über vergangene Handlungen sprechen und ausdrücken wollen, dass eine Handlung vor einer anderen stattfand, wird die erste Handlung in der Past Perfect (Plusquamperfekt, Vorvergangenheit) ausgedrückt. Solche chronologischen Abläufe werden oft mit before oder after ausgedrückt. She had eaten a big pizza before she ordered ice cream. We travelled to India after we had spent four weeks in Australia. When I arrived at the station, the train had already left. Have you been to India? 175 G Grammar reference and practice Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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