Ó s7g6ub Technology – talking about the past Read the article. What is it about? 1 Reading a Things that changed the world The web Sir Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist. He grew up in London in the late 1950s, and as a boy he was interested in trains. He recalls: “I made some electronic gadgets to control the trains. Then I ended up getting more interested in electronics than trains. Later on, when I was in college, I made a computer out of an old television set.” After graduating from Oxford University, Berners-Lee became a software engineer at CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland. Scientists come from all over the world to use its accelerators, but Sir Tim noticed that they were having difficulty sharing information. Tim saw that millions of computers were already connected through the internet and realised they could share information by using a technology called hypertext. He began work using a NeXT computer, one of Steve Jobs’ early products. In 1990, Tim wrote the three fundamental technologies that remain the foundation of today’s web: • HTML: Hypertext Markup Language. The markup (formatting) language for the web. • URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of “address” that is unique and used to identify each resource on the web. It is also commonly called a URL. • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the web. In 1991 people outside of CERN were invited to join this new web community. As the web began to grow, Tim realized that anyone anywhere should be able to use it without paying a fee or having to ask for permission. CERN announced this in April 1993, which sparked a global wave of creativity, collaboration and innovation never seen before. In 2003, the companies developing new web standards committed to a Royalty Free Policy for their work. In 2014 almost two in five people around the world used the internet. Tim founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an international community devoted to developing open web standards and became its director. In 2009, Sir Tim established the World Wide Web Foundation, whose target is to build a just and successful society by connecting everyone and supporting participation. Two gadgets The first personal music player A German-Brazilian, Andreas Pavel, made the Stereobelt in 1972. It had headphones and used cassettes. Pavel wanted people to have music everywhere they went. He met directors of electronics companies and they listened to the Stereobelt but said, “People don’t want to wear headphones and listen to music in public.” So Pavel never sold his idea, but his personal music player was the first. Sony’s Walkman was the second, and people loved it. The first laptop The first real laptop was the GRID Compass. A British man, William Moggridge, made it in 1979 for GRID Systems Corporation. It was 5 kg and had a 340-kilobyte memory. It was very expensive, about $9,000, but the US government liked the small computer and bought a lot of them. NASA used a GRID Compass on the Space Shuttle in the early 1980s. 50 4 Unit Changes Goals talk about past events talk about first times talk about technical innovations talk about important events in your life write a personal letter / email giving news Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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