Grammar reference and practice Unit 1 Present simple, past simple, present progressive Meaning You can use the present simple to talk about things that are always true, or happen all the time. I live in Graz in Austria. I play tennis with my sister every weekend. You can use the past simple to talk about things that happened in the past and are finished. When I was fifteen, I decided to be a doctor. I studied for seven years. You can use the present progressive to talk about things happening now, or around now. Sorry, I can’t go out now. I’m waiting for a phone call. I’m reading a really interesting book about the history of Turkey. Form Present simple Past simple Present progressive Where do you live? What did you study? What are you waiting for? I live in Graz. I studied medicine. I’m waiting for a phone call. I don’t live in St. Pölten. I didn’t study languages. I’m not waiting for you. Do you play tennis? Did you have a good weekend? Are you listening to me? Yes, I do. Yes, I did. Yes, I am. No, I don’t. No, I didn’t. No, I’m not. Remember: ■■ In the present simple, verbs with he / she / it have s or es. Where does he live? He lives in Graz. He doesn’t live in St. Pölten. Does he play tennis? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. ■■ In the past simple, some verbs are regular and others are irregular. Regular: play 1 played decide 1 decided study 1 studied Irregular: be 1 was /were have 1 had go 1 went ■■ In the present progressive, you can make negatives in two ways. You aren’t listening to me. You’re not listening to me. No, you aren’t. No, you’re not. ■■ But there’s only one kind of negative with I. I’m not talking to you. No, I’m not. Practice 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb. 1 Why don’t you call your brother now? – He usually (finish) work early on Fridays. 2 It (rain) all day yesterday, so we (decide) to stay at home. 3 Ahmed (not work) today. He’s ill. 4 I (not drive), so I usually walk to places when I can, or get buses. 5 I (see) Helena in town yesterday. And guess what? She (get) an A on her final English exam! 6 Can you make something vegetarian? Pam (not eat) meat. 7 Sorry, Petra (talk) to a client at the moment. Can you phone back later? 8 When I (be) a child, we (not have) a lot of money, so we (not go) on holiday abroad. 2a Complete the questions with do, does, did or are. 1 How often you go to the hairdresser? 2 What age you learn to ride a bike? 3 What time you usually go to bed? 4 What kind of music you listening to at the moment? 5 Where you get your mobile phone? 6 How you meet your best friend? 7 How often your computer crash? 2b Ask and answer the questions. 147 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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