Note: Some time expressions can go in more than one position: ■■ Already can also go at the end of a sentence. I’ve written the essay already. ■■ Recently can also go in mid position in positive sentences. We’ve recently seen her. It can’t go in mid position in negative sentences. We haven’t recently seen her. Practice Add these time expressions to the sentences: 1 You’ve done the tasks, haven’t you? Could you help me? You’ve already done the tasks … 2 I haven’t finished the report for today’s class. I’m very worried. 3 He’s lived in the same house. He was born there. 4 They’ve had that car ten years. It’s broken down. (2x) 5 We’ve come back from safari in Kenya. It was amazing. 6 We haven’t seen each other university, but it seems like yesterday. 7 I’ve liked spicy food. It’s too hot for me. Unit 4 Modals of deduction and speculation Meaning You can use must to say that you are sure about something. Must is only used in this way in affirmative sentences. In negative sentences you use can’t to say you’re sure something is impossible. That must be Laura. She’s coming round for coffee. She can’t be here yet. She just texted me from school. Might and could are both used to say that you’re not sure about something, but it’s a possibility. That could be my taxi. It’s come really quickly. My exam results might arrive today. I’m really nervous. Form will /might /may / could + infinitive without to Sure That must be Laura. Not sure That might / could be Laura. Sure That can’t be Laura. always already for yet just never since B: No, really? Come round to my place. (8) I know Jon’s cooking ! will definitely A: Oh look, here’s Monica! 2b Practise the conversation with a partner. Unit 3 Present perfect and time expressions Meaning You can use the present perfect to talk about unfinished actions or situations or to talk about finished actions which are important now. I’ve never been to Africa. We’ve lived in our flat for two years. I’ve just heard the news about the fire. Isn’t it awful? You’ve had a haircut. It looks cool. Don’t use the present perfect with finished times in the past. Use the past simple. We finished our project last week. He saw the film on Monday. You can use these time expressions with the present perfect: for since always never yet recently just already You can use: ■■ always / never to talk about the whole of your life until now. ■■ for / since to talk about part of your life until now. ■■ recently / just to talk about a short time ago. I’ve just seen Maria. If you hurry, you’ll catch her. ■■ yet to talk about something you expect to happen. Have you finished your homework? No, I haven’t started it yet. ■■ already to talk about something that happened sooner than expected. He’s already seen this film. ■■ ever in questions means ‘at any time in your life’. Have you ever had Thai food? Form Present perfect + time expressions In mid position: auxiliary + time expression + past participle I’ve always known her. I’ve never been to Africa. I’ve just heard the news. I’ve already written the essay. for + period of time since + point in time I’ve lived in this flat for a year. He’s lived in his flat since 2011. At the end of the sentence I haven’t written the essay yet. We’ve seen her recently. 186 G Grammar reference and practice Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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