Unit 2 Present perfect 1 – for experience MEANING You can use the present perfect to talk about experiences up to now, from past to present. I’ve seen all Almodóvar’s films. Oh really? I haven’t seen any of them. Don’t use the present perfect with finished times in the past. I’ve been to Tokyo four years ago. I went to Tokyo four years ago. I’ve seen Jane last week. I saw Jane last week. You can use ever in questions and negatives. Ever means ‘in my / your whole life’. Have you ever been to Japan? I haven’t ever been to France. FORM have / has + past participle I, you, we, they he, she, it I’ve seen all Almodóvar’s films. She’s visited more than twenty countries. We haven’t met Jane’s boyfriend. We’ve never met Jane’s boyfriend. He hasn’t done a computer course. He’s never used a computer. Have they been to Japan? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. Has he taken his driving test? Yes, he has. /No, he hasn’t. Contractions: I’ve = I have you’ve = you have we’ve = we have they’ve = they have he’s = he has she’s = she has it’s = it has haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not Some past participles are regular and end in -ed. They’re the same as the past simple. like 1 liked smoke 1 smoked visit 1 visited Some past participles are irregular but the same as the past simple. buy 1 bought have 1 had meet 1 met Some past participles are irregular and different from the past simple. They often end with n. eat 1 ate 1 eaten do 1 did 1 done see 1 saw 1 seen See Irregular verbs on p. 158. Practice 1a Complete these sentences with the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or past simple. 1 A: Have you ever to Italy? B: Yes, I there in 2010. (be, go) 2 A: Have you any films by the Coen Brothers? B: Yes, I’ve True Grit. (see) 3 A: Have you ever anything creative? B: Well, I some short stories a few years ago. (write) 4 A: Have you ever anything in a raffle? B: Yes, I an e-reader at the book fair last year. (win) 5 A: Have you ever a politician? B: Yes, I my local MP last year. (meet) 6 A: Which plays by Shakespeare have you ? B: Well, I Hamlet when I was at academic secondary school. (read) 1b Ask the questions and give your own answers. Present perfect 2 – with for and since Meaning You can also use the present perfect to talk about situations which began in the past and continue in the present. I’ve lived here for ten years. I haven’t eaten since breakfast. Form See Present perfect 1 – for experience. Practice 1a Add for or since to these sentences. 1 My parents have lived in the same house they got married. 2 My mum’s had the same hairstyle about fifteen years. 3 I’ve had the same computer five years. 4 I’ve known my best friend primary school. 5 My brother’s worked at the same company he left university. 1b Make the sentences true for you. Then compare with a partner. 147 G Grammar reference and practice Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eige tum des Verlags öbv
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