169 Looking back: Complete the way2go! learning portfolio for Unit 10 (online code p5yb93). Way more! The most surprising aspect of culture for me was … Something I didn’t know about Aboriginal people in Australia was … Spot on form: Non-standard grammar Most differences between varieties of English involve vocabulary and pronunciation, but sometimes grammar is different, too. While some non-standard forms of grammar can be found across multiple regions, certain structures are particularly common in specific areas. What is ‘non-standard’ about the phrases in bold? Match the sentences to the explanations. LANGUAGE 30 a Have you come across any of these structures before, for example, in films or books? Do you use any non-standard grammar structures in your first language? Have you ever been criticised for it? Is it important for people to always use standard grammar or does it depend on the context? Discuss with a partner. British English and American English are the two most widely used and influential varieties of English globally, particularly in education, media and international communication. In the following sentence pairs, which sentence is more typical of British English, and which is more characteristic of American English? b 31 32 a Compare your answers in pairs, then complete the explanations by circling the correct options. 1 In American / British English, the past participle of get is gotten. In American / British English, the past participle is the same as the past form: get – got – got. 2 After just (meaning ‘a moment ago’), the past simple is often used in American / British English. In American / British English, the present perfect is more common. 3 Some pronouns / prepositions are different in British and American English, too. 4 In American / British English, it is common to say you write somebody, while in American / British English people usually say write to somebody. b 1 I’m fixin’ to go out. 2 I hope y’all are doing OK. 3 Actually, can one of youse help me? 4 He’s after wrecking his car. 5 She never says nothing interesting. 6 She ain’t coming. 7 Have you got anything else that needs cooked? 8 I’m sat here waiting for my flight. a past participle used instead of gerund or passive with the verb need (Scottish) b negative modal verb that can mean am not, has not, is not, etc. (various regional dialects) c double negative (various regional dialects) d used instead of the present perfect tense in some cases, e.g. he’s just done … (Irish English) e passive instead of a continuous form (various British English dialects) f plural of you (particularly Irish English) g plural of you (particularly southern US) h used instead of going to, about to (particularly southern US) 1 a I’ve gotten better at this. b I’ve got better at this. 2 a Rania just went out. b Rania has just gone out. 3 a I’ll see you at the weekend. b I’ll see you on the weekend. 4 a I’ll just write to her and ask about it. b I’ll just write her and ask about it. Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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