3 86 SEMESTER CHECK Semester check 01 !! LESEN B2 Ich kann längere Texte, auch Berichte und Artikel, zu aktuellen Fragen sowie literarische Texte selbstständig lesen und verstehen. Read the text about ways to add green spaces to cities. First decide whether the statements (1–7) are true (T) or false (F) and put a cross ( ) in the correct box. Then identify the sentence in the text which supports your decision. Write the first four words of this sentence in the space provided. There may be more than one correct answer; write down only one. The first one (0) has been done for you. READING 1 What’s your progress with the learning goals of this semester? Make a mark on the line that shows where you see yourself, then do the tasks. Don’t forget to check your answers with the key. Download it using QuickMedia or go to www.oebv.at and enter p5t3mn. The future of urban nature It was once thought that forests and parks needed to be large areas. After all, forests require acres and acres of space, right? But with careful planning, mini-forests can thrive in lots as small as a typical parking lot or tennis court. Gardens can be planted in places that are often overlooked to create food forests in urban neighborhoods. Creating mini-forests The idea of mini-forests was formed by Akira Miyawaki, a young graduate student in the 1950s. He noticed that mature forests in Japan had greater biodiversity than landscaped gardens. However, mature forests take centuries to grow and acres of land. Miyawaki wondered if there was a way to speed up the process, to engineer a mature forest to flourish quickly in a small space. Miyawaki’s idea was successful. By discovering which species were native to Japan, he was able to select plants that would naturally grow in old forests and transfer them to landscaped mini-forests. Under the right conditions, his methods produced forests quickly in small spaces – sometimes ten times faster than what it would take for a diverse forest to grow naturally. Tiny forests can thrive anywhere. Crowded and polluted urban areas that need the most help maintaining clean air and water are suitable locations for mini-forests. The benefits of adding native trees to urban areas extend beyond their beauty. Trees remove carbon dioxide and air pollution, reduce water pollution, and serve as a noise buffer. They also provide habitat for other organisms such as birds and insects. Even though these green areas are small, they can even restore biodiversity to cities almost as well as a larger natural forest. Urban mini-forests also allow people to connect with nature without leaving the city. Living in a dense city can make it difficult to visit a forest. By bringing those plants to urban areas, residents will have a unique opportunity to learn about issues such as biodiversity, climate change, and habitat loss. 178 WRITING COACH You write formal emails to give or ask for information, respond to a request, apologise, make a complaint, offer suggestions, state facts or apply for a job. The recipient is usually someone that you don’t know very well or don’t know at all. Start your formal email with Dear + name (e.g. Dear Ms Smith) or Dear Sir or Madam if you don’t know the name. In some cases, you can also use a job title (e.g. Dear Hiring Manager) or the team name (e.g. Dear Project Team). It is important to be specific about the purpose of your email. It should be clear, polite and to the point. If necessary, inform the recipient of any action you expect them to take before signing off. The most common way to end a formal email today is Kind regards. It works well in business, academic and school contexts. Best wishes can be used in semi-formal emails, e.g. to a teacher you have spoken to before or a colleague you know. In traditional letters, you may also see Yours sincerely (when you start with Dear Mr/Ms …) or Yours faithfully (with Dear Sir or Madam). However, these are less common in emails today and are mostly used in very formal contexts. Sample task – formal email of enquiry You and your classmates would like to do a music project with a school in Ireland because your school has a strong focus on traditional music. Your music teacher has suggested reaching out to Kenmore Traditional Music School, which you came across on the internet. You have decided to write an email to the headteacher of Kenmore Traditional Music School. In your email you should: explain why you have chosen this particular school present your school’s focus on music enquire about a possible project you could do together Write around 250 words. Writing coach Formal email Formal emails in a nutshell: Start with: From: your name and email address To: the person you are writing to Subject (Re): the purpose of the email Address the recipient formally at the beginning and use an appropriate signoff at the end. Clearly state your purpose for writing in the opening lines. Start a new paragraph for each content point (bullet point). Highlight the personal significance of the ideas/events at the beginning of each paragraph. Explore the possibilities! Share music with friends from all over the world! <office@kenmusic.ie> Kenmore Traditional Music School 195 VOCABULARY fitness routine [ru"*ti"n] Fitnessprogramm, Fitness-Routine inadequate [I*nxdIkwEt] mangelhaft, unzureichend chore [tSC"] hier: lästige Pflicht, Arbeit physical capacity körperliche Voraussetzung/ Leistungsfähigkeit to dedicate sth. to sb./sth. etw. jmdm./etw. widmen progress [*prEUgres] Fortschritt(e) intense workout intensives Training failure [*feIljE] Scheitern, Versagen to take sth. up My brother has recently taken up dancing. mit etw. anfangen/ beginnen to endure [In*dZUE] sth. etw. ertragen/erdulden to embrace sth. etw. annehmen/akzeptieren unique [ju*ni"k] einzigartig to thrive [TraIv] In order to thrive, plants need sunlight. aufleben, gedeihen mental health psychische Gesundheit 11 to be in a league of your own The whole group is very talented, but Lisa’s in a league of her own. eine Klasse für sich sein 12 to level sth. etw. angleichen/ebnen to be on a winning streak sich auf einer Erfolgswelle bef inden athlete [*xTli"t] Athlet/in, Sportler/in competitor Mitbewerber/in, Konkurrent/in to tune in to sth. Millions of people tuned in to the World Cup final. etw. einschalten, sich etw. ansehen/-hören spectator Zuschauer/in media coverage Media coverage can be quite sensational at times. Medienberichterstattung to triple Over the course of fifty years, prices have tripled. sich verdreifachen counterpart Pendant, Gegenstück visibility [vIzE*bIlEti] Sichtbarkeit to delay sth. etw. verzögern/aufschieben to empower sb. jmdn. befähigen/ ermächtigen to take the initiative [I*nISEtIv] die Initiative ergreifen exposure [Ik*spEUZE] Early exposure to smartphones can be harmful for children. Ausgesetztsein/ Kontakt social expectations gesellschaftliche Erwartungen to push for sth. Climate activists are pushing for stricter CO2 regulations. auf etw. drängen Unit 01 to manage sth. etw. managen/verwalten overpaid überbezahlt analysis [E*nxlEsIs] Analyse, Deutung 1 to be stressed out gestresst sein peace and quiet Ruhe und Frieden to appreciate [E*pri"SieIt] sth. etw. schätzen to have a go at sth. etw. (einmal) ausprobieren to try your hand at sth. sich an etw. versuchen upcycling Upcycling, Abfallaufwertung to widen your horizons seinen Horizont erweitern 2 appealing ansprechend, reizvoll to let your imagination run free seiner Fantasie freien Lauf lassen college application Bewerbung für die Universität to maintain a balance Try to maintain a healthy balance between working and socialising. ein Gleichgewicht halten community Gemeinschaft, Gesellschaft rewarding lohnend, bereichernd to relieve stress Stress abbauen to make the most of sth. das Beste aus etw. machen 3 satisfying [*sxtIsfaIIN] zufriedenstellend fulfilling [fUl*fIlIN] erfüllend equal [*i"kwEl] gleich, gleichwertig original [E*rIdZEnEl] originell, kreativ 5 to balance sth. How do you balance work and family life? etw. in Einklang bringen/ im Gleichgewicht halten consultant Berater/in commitment Verpflichtung demands on sb. Anforderungen an jmdn. 6 me time Zeit für mich productivity Produktivität to practise self-care sich in Selbstfürsorge üben, sich um sich selbst kümmern to unwind [0n*waInd] abschalten, sich entspannen to overtax yourself sich zu viel zumuten to schedule time for sth. für etw. Zeit einplanen to set (clear) priorities Prioritäten/Schwerpunkte setzen to digest sth. After maths, my brain always needs time to digest. hier: etw. verarbeiten; etw. verdauen to procrastinate Dinge aufschieben, etw. vor sich herschieben 8 to praise sb./sth. jmdn./etw. loben 9 to glorify sth. etw. verherrlichen AE American English BE British English fml. formal infml. informal opp. opposite abbr. abbreviation sb. somebody sth. something etw. etwas jmdm. jemandem jmdn. jemanden jmds. jemandes Vocabulary 120 LITERATURE Getting to know Oscar Wilde Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) was a renowned Anglo-Irish author and playwright, celebrated in late Victorian England1 for his sharp wit and extravagant style. He is still well known today for his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, his plays – particularly The Importance of Being Earnest (1894) – and his many memorable quotations. Discuss the following quotations with a partner. Which one do you like best? Why? Are his words still relevant today? Literature along the way 1 Meeting Lady Bracknell Lady Bracknell is probably one of the most popular characters in Oscar Wilde’s comedy The Importance of Being Earnest. She represents Victorian aristocracy with all its conventions and at the same time satirises it with her witty and pointed remarks. In the following scene, Jack Worthing has just asked Gwendolen, Lady Bracknell’s daughter, to marry him, and she is ready to accept his proposal. However, the young lovers are interrupted by Lady Bracknell, who has decided to question Jack about his suitability as a husband before giving her consent. Make a list of possible questions Lady Bracknell might ask Jack. Then read and listen to the scene. 2 23 “I can resist everything but temptation.” “We live in an age when unnecessary things are our only necessities.” “Nowadays people know the price of everything and the value of nothing.” “It takes great deal of courage to see the world in all its tainted glory, and still to love it.” “If one cannot enjoy reading a book over and over again, there is no use in reading it at all.” “If you want to tell people the truth, make them laugh, otherwise they’ll kill you.” “Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught.” “There is only one thing in the world worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about.” A B C D E F G H 1 Victoria was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901 190 GRAMMAR REVISITED Grammar revisited You will remember that can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should and ought to are all modal auxiliary verbs. You can use them to express ability, permission and obligation. (For a more detailed explanation of the use of modal verbs in different tenses, check your copy of way2go! 5.) You can also use modal verbs to express how sure you are that something (past or present) is true. Modal verbs to express likelihood Present Assertion: You use these modal verbs to express that you’re almost certain about something: When you are very sure that something is (not) true, you use: must or can’t + (continuous) infinitive Tarik must still be studying. Otherwise he would be here already. There are no lights on. Sue can’t be at home. Probable assumption: You use these modal verbs to indicate that you consider something likely: When you are fairly sure that something is probably (not) true, you use: should/shouldn’t/ought to + (continuous) infinitive You shouldn’t have trouble getting a place at this university. Your grades are great. He left for university early, so he should be sitting in his economics lecture now. Possible or unlikely assumption: You use these modal verbs to say that something is possible, but you are not sure how likely it is: When you doubt that something is (not) true, or you believe that it’s unlikely, you use: could/may/might + (continuous) infinitive Maggie hasn’t arrived yet. She could be having trouble finishing her essay. Paul might come to our study session, but I don’t really think he’ll show up. Past Assertion: You use these modal verbs to express that you’re almost certain that something happened in the past: must or can’t + perfect infinitive All her books are gone. Sue must have left already. Why are you handing in your test? You can’t have finished yet. Probable assumption: You use these modal verbs to indicate that you consider it likely that something happened in the past: should/shouldn’t/ought to + perfect infinitive Somebody should have processed your application by now. Why don’t you call and find out? Possible or unlikely assumption: You use these modal verbs to say that it’s possible that something happened in the past, but you are not sure how likely it is that it happened. could/may/might + perfect infinitive Sandra might have missed the lecture. Shall we call her and offer to send her our notes? Der Writing coach geht vertiefend auf die Besonderheiten der verschiedenen Textsorten ein. Authentische Schreibaufträge und Modelltexte zeigen Ihnen, worauf es bei der Bearbeitung ankommt. Hinweis zu SRP-ähnlichen Listening-Aufgaben: Um eine flexible Handhabung im Unterricht (oder auch zu Hause) zu ermöglichen, besteht der Audio-Track immer aus einer einmaligen Aufnahme des Hörtextes mit nur einer kurzen, thematischen Einleitung. Der Track kann jedoch beliebig oft abgespielt werden, um auf individuelle Bedürfnisse einzugehen. Das Vocabulary im Anhang enthält den Lernwortschatz in der Reihenfolge, wie er in den Units vorkommt. Wörter, deren Aussprache sich vielleicht nicht gleich erschließt, sind durch Angaben zur Lautschrift ergänzt. Grammar revisited wiederholt und erklärt die wichtigsten GrammatikThemen. Mit den beiden Semester checks und dem online verfügbaren Lösungsschlüssel können Sie sich selbständig eine Rückmeldung zur Erreichung der Lernziele einholen. Die Abschnitte Literature along the way möchten Ihnen Lust auf die Beschäftigung mit klassischer und moderner englischsprachiger Literatur machen. Verweis auf eine Audio-Datei Verweis auf eine Video-Datei Alle Audio- und Video- dateien sowie Task hacks und Deep dives können mit der QuickMedia-App auf Ihrem Smartphone oder Tablet abgerufen werden. Task hacks unterstützen Sie bei der Bearbeitung von Aufgaben, Deep dives bieten Anregungen zur weiteren Vertiefung eines Themas. Check them out! Hierbei handelt es sich um einen original FM4-Beitrag. Verweis auf weiterführende Übungen im Practice Pack Aufgaben, die den Formaten der standardisierten Reifeprüfung entsprechen Hinweis auf eine sprachliche Besonderheit 03 M Symbole 01 Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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