41 Create a quiz to test your classmates’ understanding of the literary tools and terms above. You can create flashcards or a quiz online. Try to include examples as well as the terms and definitions. 9 Which of the tools above have you already come across? Collect examples from your own reading – including social media – and share them in class. One of the tools in the writer’s toolbox can create either intense drama or humour: irony. Irony involves a difference between what is said and what is meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. There are three main types of irony: Verbal irony occurs when someone says something but means the opposite. This includes sarcasm. Situational irony occurs when there is a difference between what the readers expect to happen and what actually happens. Dramatic irony occurs when the readers or audience know something that the characters do not. Now read the short descriptions below and decide which of the three types of irony they illustrate. 7 8 This is an example of irony. This is an example of irony. This is an example of irony. Life is a canvas – paint it with bold colours! #LiveBright In The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, the character Mrs Mallard hears that her husband has died and, at first, she is overwhelmed with grief. However, as she spends some time alone, she begins to feel a sense of relief and joy, realising she is now free from the limitations of marriage. When her husband walks through the door – alive and well –, and it becomes clear that the news of his death was a mistake, Mrs Mallard dies from the shock. The irony lies in the fact that her brief moment of freedom is quickly snatched away, leading to her tragic death. A In Jane Austen’s classic novel Pride and Prejudice, Mr Bennet sarcastically tells his wife, “You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it,” as she eagerly shares the news that Mr Bingley, a wealthy young man, has arrived in their village. The irony lies in the fact that, although his words suggest he is willing to listen, his tone and earlier remarks make it clear that he has little interest in his wife’s gossip. B In the final act of William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet takes a potion that makes her appear dead. Romeo, unaware of the plan, believes she has truly died and takes his own life in despair. When Juliet awakens and finds Romeo dead beside her, she too takes her life. The audience, having known all along that Juliet was not actually dead, feels the full impact of the tragic irony as they witness the devastating consequences of miscommunication and fate. C Nur zu Prüfzwecken – Eigentum des Verlags öbv
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